The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Internet Connection
The PPP Direct Connection
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The Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes (computers, servers, routers, etc.).
It can connect computers using a serial cable, phone line, trunk line, cellular telephone, specialized radio links, or fiber optic links.
Most Internet Service Providers (ISPs) use PPP to provide customers with dial-up access to the Internet.
PPP was designed to enable the transmission of different protocols over one point-to-point link by utilizing encapsulation.
Encapsulation is storing packets from the different protocols inside PPP frames.
PPP is more stable than the older SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol, a mostly obsolete Internet Protocol encapsulation designed to work over serial ports and modem connections) and provides error-to-check features.
Besides giving error checking, PPP also supports multiple protocols, allows IP addresses to be negotiated at connection time, permits authentication, and many other things.
The main three features provided by PPP are:
Framing
*A framing method that clearly defines the end of one frame and the start of the next.
Link Control
*A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for bringing lines up, testing them, negotiating options, and bringing them down.
The PPP LCP provides a method of establishing, configuring, maintaining, and terminating the point-to-point connection.
Negotiate Network Layers
* A way to negotiate network layer options that are independent of network layer protocols.
PPP works in the Data Link Layer, the 2nd layer of the OSI model.
A PPP Network Control Protocol defines each type of network packet that is to be encapsulated and transmitted over the PPP link.
Several NCP implementations from different vendors like Novell and Apple are available.
To establish communications over a point-to-point link, the originating PPP first sends LCP frames to configure and (optionally) test the data link.
After the connection has been established and optional facilities negotiated as needed by the LCP, the originating PPP sends NCP frames to choose and configure one or more network-layer protocols.
When each of the selected network layer protocols is in place, packets from each network layer protocol are delivered over the link.
The link will remain configured for communications until explicit LCP or NCP frames close the connection or until some external event occurs (for example, an inactivity timer expires or a user intervenes).
Key Advantage PPP
A key advantage of PPP is that it is an extensible protocol suite. Over the years, new protocols have been added to the suite to provide additional features or capabilities.
For example, PPP is designed not to use just a single authentication protocol but to allow a choice of which protocol is used for this purpose.
PPP can operate across all types of interfaces. PPP does not impose any restriction regarding transmission rate other than those imposed by the interface in use.
Summary
In summary, the Point-to-Point Protocol is a multi-protocol framing mechanism suitable for use over modems, serial lines, and other physical layers.
It supports error detection, option negotiation, compression, and reliable transmission.
